Contract Management

Archive for December, 2009

Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining, re-attaining and maintaining optimal health and functioning. Modern definitions of nursing define it as a science and an art that focuses on promoting quality of life as defined by persons and families, throughout their life experiences from birth to care at the end of life.

In pre-modern times, nuns and the military often provided nursing services. The religious and military roots of modern nursing remain in evidence today. For example, in Britain, senior female nurses are known as “Sisters”. In recent times in the US and Canada many nurses are flowing back into working in a “religious” field through “Parish Nursing”. These nurses work within a church community to perform health education, counseling, provide referrals to community support agencies, and connect volunteers from the church community with those in need of assistance.

Nurses acknowledge that the nursing profession is an essential part of the society from which it has grown. The authority for the practice of nursing is based upon a social contract that delineates professional rights and responsibilities as well as mechanisms for public accountability. The practice of nursing involves altruistic behavior, is guided by nursing research and is governed by a code of ethics.

Nursing continues to develop a wide body of knowledge and associated skills. There are a number of educational paths to becoming a professional nurse but all involve extensive study of nursing theory and practice and training in clinical skills.

In almost all countries, nursing practice is defined and governed by law and entrance to the profession is regulated by national, state, or territorial boards of nursing.

The American Nurses’ Association (1980) has defined nursing as “the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.” Just as medical diagnoses help in the planning, implementing, and evaluation of medical care, Nursing diagnoses help in the planning, implementing, and evaluation of nursing care.

Like other maturing disciplines, nursing has developed different theories that are aligned with diverging philosophical beliefs and paradigms or worldviews. Nursing theories help nurses to direct their activities in order to accomplish specific goals with people. Nursing is a knowledge based discipline committed to the betterment of humankind. Nursing has not only developed into a profession, but an art as well.

Nursing is the most diverse of all healthcare professions. It is a universal role appearing in some form in every culture.

Nursing may be divided into different specialties or classifications. In the U.S., there are a large number of specialties within nursing. Professional organizations or certifying boards issue voluntary certification in many of these areas.

These specialties encompass care throughout the human lifespan based upon patient needs. Many nurses who choose a specialty become certified in that area, signifying that they possess expert knowledge of the specialty. There are over 200 nursing specialties and sub-specialties. Certified nurses often earn a salary differential over their non-certified colleagues, and studies from the Institute of Medicine have demonstrated that specialty certified nurses have higher rates of patient satisfaction, as well as lower rates of work-related errors in patient care.

Nurses practice in a wide range of settings from hospitals to visiting people in their homes and caring for them in schools to research in pharmaceutical companies. Nurses work in occupational health settings (also called industrial health settings), free-standing clinics and physician offices, nurse-run clinics, long-term care facilities, and camps. Nurses work on cruise ships and in military service. They act as advisors and consultants to the healthcare and insurance industries. Some nurses are attorneys and others work with attorneys as legal nurse consultants, reviewing patient records to assure that adequate care was provided and testifying in court. In many cities, nurses can even enter their names in a “registry” and work a wide variety of temporary jobs.

In the modern world, there are a large number of specialities within nursing:
Ambulatory care nursing
Advanced practice nursing
Behavioral health nursing
Camp nursing
Cardiac nursing
Cardiac catheter laboratory nursing
Case management
Clinical nurse specialist
Clinical research nurse
Community health nursing
Correctional nursing
Critical care nursing
Developmental disabilities nursing
District nursing
Emergency nursing
Environmental Health nursing
Flight nursing
Forensic nursing
Gastroenterology nursing
Genetics nursing
Geriatric nursing
Health visiting
Hematology oncology nursing
HIV/AIDS nursing
Home health nursing
Hospice nursing
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Nursing
Intavenous therapy nursing
Infectious disease nursing
Legal nursing
Legal Nurse Investigator
Maternal-child nursing
Medical-surgical nursing
Military and uniformed services nursing, including Public Health Service
Neonatal nursing
Neuro-surgical nursing
Nurse anesthetist
Nurse-midwife
Nurse practitioner
Nursing educator
Nursing informatics
Nursing management
Obstetrics gynecology nursing
Occupational health nursing
Oncology nursing
Operating room nursing
Orthopaedic nursing
Ostomy nursing
Pain management and palliative care nursing
Pediatric nursing
Perianesthesia nursing
Perioperative nursing
Plastic and reconstructive surgical nursing
Private duty nursing
Psychiatric or mental health nursing
Public health
Pulmonary nursing
Quality improvement
Radiology nursing
Rehabilitation nursing
Renal dialysis nursing
Renal nursing
Research
School nursing
Sub-acute nursing
Substance abuse nursing
Tele-medicine nursing
Telemetry nursing
Telephone triage nursing
Transplantation nursing
Travel nursing
Urology nursing
Utilization management
Wound care
Professional organizations or certifying boards issue voluntary certification in many of these specialties.

Nursing assistant skills are the set of learned tasks used in helping residents or patients with activities of daily living (ADLs) and providing bedside care—including basic nursing procedures—under the supervision of a Registered Nurse (RN) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN).

In today’s hospitals and extended care facillities a nurse assistant is an important part of a healthcare team that includes many personnel outside of nurses. In the quest to make a profit from providing care many hospitals in the United States have reduced their nurse to patient ratios, requiring one nurse to take care of as many as twelve or fourteen patients at a time. In order for good care to be provided to those patients a nurse assistant is needed to provide the routine care so that the nurse can focus on tasks only he/she can do, such as care plans, nursing assessments, administering medication, and assist in surgery room preparation. The nurse assistant must not only be very skilled in the actual procedures being performed but must also be able to make quick observations of a patient’s condition and report that information back to the nurse. Since the nurse cannot spend large amounts of time in the room with the patient, the nurse assistant is known as the nurse’s “eyes and ears”.

A nurse assistant must also have a strong grasp of emergency procedures and be able to stay calm in stressful situations. They must be able to initiate a Code Blue and be well-drilled in CPR.

Josh Stone
http://www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/the-nursing-career-55277.html

We all have heard of both good and bad opinions about homeowner associations (HOAs) from the people who have to deal with them as a resident right down to newspaper articles.

One case in Jupiter, Florida, between resident George Andres and his development’s HOA went to Appeals Court over his having a flagpole and flag in his front yard. An ex-marine and right after the violent 9-11 attack, he erected a 13-foot flagpole in his front yard. Unfortunately, the HOA had changed the rules before 9-11 and the flagpole and flag were in violation. The patriotic resident lost his case in lower court and appealed. The HOA even attempted a forced foreclosure on his home in 2005 in order to pay for more than $20,000 in attorney fees, but the Appeals Court ruled against them, according to The Sun Sentinel. The case brought so much attention that the Florida legislature passed a law to allow residents to fly their flags, regardless of HOA rules.

Reading about such a case is enough to make you cringe over even considering homes for sale in a development with an HOA. Yet, an HOA can be the best thing for buyers of homes for sale. HOA’s can ensure that the value of your home and the ambience of its environment are maintained, and can provide much desired services to buyers of homes for sale governed by HOAs.

Since the late 1990s, 80 percent of the homes for sale built are part of an HOA. During the building of a residential housing development, developers are responsible for the exterior upkeep to ensure the development attracts new buyers for the homes for sale. Otherwise, they could lose money on their investment.

When it is time to turn responsibility for the exterior upkeep over to the residents, the developer and his/her attorney draw up the organization for an HOA. The developer appoints the first HOA president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, looking for a representative cross-section of resident volunteers. In practice, it is often those residents that have the time and volunteer for the positions, rather than those with actual management and/or people skills. After the first appointments by the developer, the HOA membership vote on all subsequent board members.

Board members oversee the HOA, while a management company handles the day-to-day operations. It is the board, however, that rules on violation fines, can bring a court case, or generally make your life in the development either a great one or a miserable one.

In most HOA developments, membership generally is not an option; so, buyers of homes for sale should know as much about the HOA as possible before making a purchase. Homes for sale sellers are required by law to disclose this information to potential homes for sale buyers.

Here are some things for which to look for and investigate before buying the HOA homes for sale:

•What does the HOA do for you, the soon-to-be owner. In their development?

It is important to read all of the rules/covenants governing homes for sale before buying. – do not accept a seller’s explanation. Go to the HOA office and ask for a copy of their membership contract. Have your attorney review the contract, and make your offer on any home for sale contingent upon your acceptance of the HOA membership.

What HOAs cover for the exterior differs widely between associations. Some maintain only the streets and common grounds areas. Some insure the roof, windows, siding, gates and fences of resident homes – some only under certain storm conditions.

Not only do you need to know what the HOA will do for the homes for sale, the homeowner insurance carrier will need to know, as well. If you need to insure only from the walls in of any homes for sale, with the siding out being insured by the HOA, your premiums and responsibilities will be much less.

• Second, you need to know your responsibilities as a member of the HOA. What rules will govern (and possibly restrict) your lifestyle and comfortable living in this home for sale?

Imagine purchasing one of any homes for sale, where it s strictly forbidden to park on the street. If this home had only two parking spaces that were being used by yours and your spouse’s cars, what room might be left for visitors? This happen to one individual. He had to park in an overflow area. The problem was that the overflow parking was several blocks away from his unit and had only a couple spaces. The large overflow parking area was in driving (not walking) distance. Throwing a party in their home was out of the question; even a big family get-together could not be held there. They eventually sold the home for one in a more accommodating development – similar rules but closer and larger overflow parking areas.

It is important to have the value of your home and its surrounding ambience protected; however, buyers of homes for sale need to ensure their lifestyles will not be overly restricted by HOA rules.

• Other items to know before buying -

o How much are the membership dues?
o How often does the HOA meet and where?
o What is the length of board members’ tenure?
o What can be done to remove a board member and for what reasons?
o How are the rules/covenants changed and how often has this occurred?
o Have court cases been brought by the HOA or residents against the HOA? If yes, what were the issues and their resolutions?

Most HOAs are a welcome feature for buyers of a homes for sale. Those buyers who most desire an HOA, are people who travel, single people, those wishing to keep the current exterior standard of ambience and their homes value in tact, and those who seek outside amenities with little-to-no maintenance or upkeep.

So, when looking at homes for sales in HOA developments, be a smart buyer. Know what information you want from the HOA ahead of time, involve your attorney, and make your offer for any of the homes for sale contingent upon your acceptance of the HOA membership.

J Harris
http://www.articlesbase.com/real-estate-articles/homeowner-associations-and-homes-for-sale-what-buyers-need-to-know-130737.html

I have not completed by education not even my 10th and i helping dad into his construction waterproofing business last 8 years and now i want to pursue doing sum course in business studies or Contract Management. can i be eligible in Nicmar or other institute. please let my know

Thanks & Regards,

Yogesh

Some institute organized corresponding education. you can continue your study with doing business.