There are numerous employment opportunities and career choices out there that an individual can choose from. Be it a writer, a scientist, a chef, a landscape artist or an interior designer. When you are in your teen and just starting your work life, you will not have the privilege of big sounding tittles. You will mostly be laboring under these people as a hired worker at the very bottom of the pecking order. The best example is that a lot of teenager this days get jobs as apprentices for landscaping artists. Their tasks mostly involve running the mowing machine and trimmer for them. In such circumstances, the work is normally very relaxed and the manager or management has full trust in you that you will meet your obligations as required. This trust mostly leads to a verbal employment contract for some type of jobs. Majority of firms employ the use of paper employment contracts you have to sign. They normally cite the possibility of misunderstandings at some later stage as the major reason for that and their dislike of verbal employment contracts. Verbal employment contracts can never be proved later, and that makes it only applicable to smaller firms and in not very essential jobs. Such jobs may not require the employer to have long term workers. You may enjoy lawn mowing during summer, but then you may not have the desire of doing it in long term basis. Employers know this, and that makes them use verbal employment contracts to simplify the hiring process.

There are some factors that an employee should be concerned about, though. Suppose you begin work with a larger firm, like a fast food franchise or some other type of company, you may need to sign a regular employment contract. You should be wary if they don’t provide one. There are managers in certain firms who overlook regular contracts and employ verbal employment contracts instead. They do this to take advantage of their employees. If you smell a rat, then better request some form that you could sign. If that doesn’t help much, then you are better of in another kind of employment. Think about this; a signed employment contract will not only protect the firm, but it safeguards your rights as well. You should only accept verbal employment contract from small firms that are independently owned and that you have confidence with. This will greatly save you trouble and some potential lawsuits too.

Should all go well, your chosen situation will determine whether you have a good and secure employment at your initial job as a mature adult or not. Always remember that you are entitled to your rights and they should not be played with at any cost.

Abhishek Agarwal
http://www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/verbal-employment-contract-for-the-teenagers-703076.html

My fiance and I lease a property through a management service and liased last July to replace the sofa’s that were supplied with the property with newer and better ones as the one they gave us was disgusting. After having recent problems with them I have read through our contract only to find that changes need to be stipulated in writing, so when I asked them for this in writing they are refusing. They said that they have the notes on ‘our account’ and when I argued to say that I don’t have notes so I can’t prove anything they just kept saying ‘nothing will be put in writing’. When I said that it said in THEIR contract to be put in writing and asking if there was a reason WHY they couldn’t, he just kept saying ‘nothing will be put in writing’.

Does anyone know where I stand on this or who I can make an official complaint too because its completely unacceptable, I don’t trust them because they are trying to swindle us for every penny of our deposit.

Changes to the contract must be mutual. You can NOT demand that they amend the contract if they are refusing.

Next time don’t rent a place with disgusting sofa’s.

Web design industry expand its working area day by day thus nowadays only a good looking website can’t proficient for your business. Suppose you have a creative web design for your business and quality drop down features are there to show all of your web pages. Fine, then who will set the navigation system for your enormous numbers of pages to run the website properly?

Web programmers have the perfect knack to handle dynamic websites. With the help of freelance contract programmers you can easily represent your vast product list in front of the entire web audience. To dandle a dynamic website you particularly need two major things, the first one is a strong admin panel and the second one is superb database connectivity. These two exclusive can’t be done by professional web designers.

Through an effective admin panel you can easily decorate your website such as effortless placing the content in every page, inserting product category, inserting new products, managing the order list, member management etc and others. That means as a layman you need not to take further assistance of any programmers with the help of that admin panel. Database handling is known as the foremost knack of any web programmer. Creating the database, maintaining it properly and connecting that database with the website are not an easy task to do. This can be done by only professional programmers.

Thus a complete swing in web industry is detected towards professional programmers because of their server side programming capability. These freelance programmers are eventually capable in different kind of server side framework development such as PHP programming, java programming, asp dot net programming etc. These contract programmers create server side components over your web template to increase the features of your website.

Various kinds of form handling are known as the major ability of professional programmers. They are enabling several types of forms at your website for your visitors that they can easily express their interest through those forms and connected proper destination with those forms. Sometimes visitor are asking few parameters in different websites about their required product (such as product quality, price, shipping charges etc.) and these kinds of online forms can give you the edge over your competitors.

Professional programmers are the master in various types of error handling. There are two types of errors found in web programming such as logical and physical errors and the capability of any web programmer can be judge superbly through error handling ability. Normally errors are generated at the time of web designing or invoked for running some special scripts in coding section. Contract programmer can easily sorted out those points and solve them with their natural capability.

Contract programmers are keener to produce sharp, to the point presentation through their programming potential. All types of rotating images, large presentation small graphical image, properly handling all drop down facilities is effortlessly maintained by resourceful freelance programmers. They always keen to provide their 100 percent for an effective web presentation of your web site.

Cristina Gomes
http://www.articlesbase.com/programming-articles/use-of-freelance-contract-programmers-in-web-programming-700440.html

ORGANIC SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCED PADDY PRODUCTION AND REVENUE GENERATION WITH LESS COST AS ACHIEVED IN SOME MODEL PADDY FIELDS IN ORISSA

A.K. Panigrahix1, T.R. Sahoox2, H.S. Beherax3 and N.K. Swainx4

ABSTRACT:

Green revolution was introduced in the country in the early sixties to meet the demand of food and add cereal cultivation in the Rabi. The aftermath of this revolution is alarmingly disastrous. The humus devoid soil has lost its water holding ability, pests have acquired tremendous resistance against pesticides. Indian paddy fields are adding roughly about 37.8 metric tonnes of methane, a green house gas, into the atmosphere. Food and underground water contaminated with pesticides.

The environmental deteriorations, food and water contaminations demand a paradigm shift from chemical to organic agriculture. With the growing demand of food, diminishing arable land holdings and exodus of the agrarian communities from villages to towns abandoning agriculture, only organic farming will not suffice. The new technique conceived is known as sustainable agriculture, where soil fertility, crop yield and pest management are taken care of together with the environmental protection. This method of agriculture is in harmony with the nature. The article examines three ex situ experiments where the above mentioned issues are examined along with the cost benefit ratio and throws light in making agriculture sustainable.

INTRODUCTION

More than six decades ago,Sir Albert Howard explained the nature of soil fertility in his famous book, “An agricultural Testament” as under. The nature of soil fertility can be understood only when it is considered in relation to Nature’s round. To study soil fertility we have to know the natural working system and to adopt methods of investigation in strict relation to such a subject. We must look at soil fertility as we would study a business where the profit and loss account must be taken along with the balance sheet, the standing of the concern, and the method of management. We have to consider the wood, not the individual tree. So it is with soil fertility. According to him, a fertile soil is one which has humus in abundance. If the soil is deficient in humus, the volume of pore space is reduced, the aeration of the soil is impeded, there is insufficient organic matter for the soil population, the soil machinary runs down, the supply of oxygen, water and dissolved salts needed by the root hairs is reduced, the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins in the green leaf proceeds at a lower tempo; growth is affected.

CHEMICAL AGRICULTURE, Impact Analysis;

Then came the war and the war ended sooner than expected, resulting in stock piling of war surplus exploxive related materials, mostly compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus. Global approach to agriculture modified in the event of population growth and developments in material and biological sciences. New seeds were developed and introduced to enhance food production which soon became popular in populous countries like India, China, South East Asian Countries and Japan. War surplus chemicals were converted into compounds called artificial chemical fertilizers. The seeds, popularly called “Green revolution seeds” or “Miracle seeds”, were developed to consume these synthetic artificial chemical fertilizers with water and

produce more food. Thus, monoculture came into being at the expense of agro biodiversity and resources like water diminished.

Four decades into the green revolution in India, the situation is pathetic; soil in general has become humus deficient, excessively hard and bears no pores for holding air and moisture. This soil no longer harbours the beneficial microbes but the pathogens and pest eggs, requiring excessive use of synthetic pesticides. The impacts of these agro chemicals, the artificial chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides are well observable. No data have been published by any the Indian agencies like the US Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). The USEPA revealed in 1991 that the projected estimate of methane emission from the Indian paddy fields amounted to 37.8 metric tonnes per year, thus accusing the Indian paddy cultivators in adding to the global green house gas accumulation as methane is also considered as a green house gas. Consequently in Indian more emphasis is now attached to shift to non conventional agriculture and keep paddy cultivation limited to 47 percent of the total arable land. Use of artificial chemical fertilizers especially N- fertilizers always invite the agricultural pests and applications of pesticides, especially synthetic pesticides. The disastrous consequences of the use of these synthetic pesticides over several decades are now clearly observable. There is a rise of pesticides resistance in the pest species and diseases causing microbes at the expense of the beneficial organisms like the beneficial insects (honey bee) and scavenging birds (vultures). Reports of crop failure are also linked to the changes in natural status of the soil. Reports of methane emission are obviously owing to excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers like Urea. Reports of occurance of agricultural pesticides in underground water (bottled water and soft drinks) are certainly due to their excessive applications and non degradations. There are reports of people in villages dying after consuming water from shallow tube wells in Orissa (Chakulia, Balasore, 2005).

HYPOTHESIS

It was thus felt essential to find a solution to both, enhance crop yield through enhanced soil fertility organically without further degrading its status and keep the pathogens and pests at bay through the use of natural pest repellants, botanical pesticides and employing biological pest control methods. But the most important one is, following Sir Howard, to bring out a balance sheet of profit- loss, making cultivation a profitable enterprise so that uncalled for future situations like resource retirement, contract farming and above all exodus of the agrarian communities from villages to cities are successfully thwarted. In India, agriculture is a million year old enterprise and has changed Sir Howard from being an western expert to an oriental expert. The population is growing alarmingly but arable land is diminishing. The farmers are committing suicides owing crop failures. There ought to be a shift in approach to the whole practice of agriculture at the moment. The modern agriculture should be made sustainable, i.e., in harmony with the nature. With the foregone objectives set in mind the authors experimented with the principal crop of Orissa, i.e. paddy cultivation, both in Kharif and Rabi.Methodology of approach, application, observation and cost benefit ratio of three such ex situ experiments, one of Rabi and the two others of Kharif are furnished below.

Material Method and Observations:

Experiment-1 : Rabi 2003 -04

Farmer’s name and address – Sri Surendra Nath Patra, Vill- Dharampur, Fulwar Kasba, Balasore, Orissa.

Soil type – Deltaic alluvial

Crop type- Paddy (HYV)- Lalat (ORS-26-2014-4) known qualities – Duration: 125-130 days.

Grain type: Medium * Slender, Grain yield/hectare: 40 quintals (as on record)

Experimental Unit Area: 1 Acre

Source of seed : Farmers own saved (OS)

SL No.. Activities associated Control Rs Chemical Rs. Organic Rs

1. Seed cost OS 0.00 OS 0.00 OS 0.00

2. Seed bed preparation 2HL 100.00 2HL 100.00 2HL 100.00

1BL 80.00 1BL 80.00 1BL 80.00

3. Ist cultivation Tractor 600.00 Tractor 600.00 Tractor 600.00

(2 hours) (2 hours) (2 hours)

4. Farm yard manure Not applied Not applied 2 tonnes 0.00

(II)

5. Puddling 6 HL 300.00 6HL 300.00 6HL 300.00

2BL 160.00 2BL 160.00 2BL 160.00

6. Basal application Nil Gromor Pongam 70 kg 700.00 Oil cake MOP 1qt. 400.00 20 kg 100.00 Azolla 0.00

(I.I)

7. Transplantation 35HL 1750.00 40 HL 2000.00 35 HL 1750.00

8. Interculture 5HL 250.00 7HL 350.00 5 HL 250.00

9. a) Ist top dressing Nil Urea Pongam Oilcake

12 kg 60.00 50 kg 200.00

MOP Cow urine

6kg 30.00 250 lts. 0.00 (I.I)

b) 2nd top dressing Nil Urea

10 kg 50.00 Cow urine

MOP 250 lts. 0.00 5kg 25.00 (I.I)

10. Pesticide application Nil 400.00 200.00

(lure appln.)

11. Irrigation (total) 250.00 250.00 250.00

12. Cutting of crop 15HL 750.00 18HL 900.00 15HL 750.00

13. Threshing 10HL 500.00 13HL 650.00 10HL 500.00

14. Miscellaneous expenses Nil 100.00 150.00

(pest management)

15. Total cost involved(in Rs) 4740.00 6855.00 5690.00

16. a.Yield of grains 12.7qntls. 20.2qntls 23.5qntls

@520/-per qntl @520/-qntl @520/-qntl

6604.00 10504.00 12220.00

b.Yield of straw 15.85qntls 25.07qntls 29.47qntls

@80/-=1268.00 @70/-=1755.00 @80/-=2358.00

17. Total yield(in terms of Rs.) 7,872.00 12,259.00 14578.00

18. Net benefit 3,132.00 5,404.00 8,888.00

19. Cost benefit Ratio (17/15) 1.66 1.788 2.562

Experiment -2: Kharif 2004-05:

Name and address of the farmer: Raghunath Barik, Bhimpur

Soil type: Coastal alluvial Crop type: Paddy HYV (Pooja) (recently introduced)

Experimental unit area: 1 Acre Source of seed: Farmer’s own saved seed (0S)

SL No.. Activities associated Control Rs Chemical Rs. Organic Rs

1. Seed cost OS 0.00 OS 0.00 OS 0.00

2. Seed bed preparation 2HL 100.00 2HL 100.00 2HL 100.00

1BL 80.00 1BL 80.00 1BL 80.00

3. Ist cultivation Tractor Tractor Tractor

2hrs 600.00 2hrs. 600.00 2hrs. 600.00

4. Farm yard Manure Not applied Not applied 2 tonnes (II) 0.00

5. Puddling 6HL 300.00 6HL 300.00 6HL 300.00

2BL 160.00 2BL 160.00 2BL 160.00

6. Basal application NIL Gromor Pongam oil cake

70 kg 700.00 1.5q 600.00

MOP Sesbania

20kg 100.00 10kg 110.00

B.F 500gm. 100.00

V.C. 5 qntls.

(I.I) 0.00

7. Transplantation 35HL 1750.00 40HL 20000.00 35HL 1750.00

8. Interculture 8HL 400.00 10HL 500.00 8HL 400.00

9. Ist Top dressing Nil Urea Bacterial fertiliser

12kg 60.00 250 gm 50.00

MOP Compost 2.5qntls.

6kg 30.00 (1.1) 0.00

10. 2nd top dressing Nil Urea Bacterial fertilizers

10kg 50.00 250 gm 50.00

MOP Compost 2.5qntls.

5kg 25.00 (1.1) 0.00

11. Pesticide application Nil Total 400.00 (1.1) 0.00

12. Crop cutting 15HL 750.00 18HL 900.00 15HL 750.00

13. Threshing 10HL 500.00 13HL 650.00 10HL 500.00

14. Miscellaneous Nil 100.00 150.00

15. Total cost involved (in Rs.) 4,640.00 6,755.00 5,700.00

16. a. Yield of grain 16.50qntl. 8,580.00 21.9qntl. 11,388.00 22.10qntl. 11,492/-

b. Yield of straw 22.10qntl 1,768.00 27.5qntl 1,925.00 29.4qntl 2,352/-

c. Total yield(in Rs.) 10,348.00 13,313.00 13,844/-

17. Net benefit 5,708.00 6,558.00 8,144/-

18. Cost benefit ratio (16c/15) 2.23 1.971 2.429

Soil fertility condition of the above crop at different stages.

Plot N (Kg/ha) P (Kg/ha) K(Kg/ha)

Subiah and Asija, 1956 Olsen’s method Ammonium Acetate method (alkaline potassium permanganate)

Initial 45DAT After Initial 45DAT After Initial 45DAT After

harvest harvest harvest

Control 511.9 499.4 426.49 50.00 44.6 15.2 312.0 300.8 200.25

Chemical 511.9 561.2 520.57 50.00 52.2 26.16 312.0 346.6 241.9

Organic 511.9 560.7 564.4 50.00 43.7 18.24 312.0 336.8 251.32

Experiment. 3. Kharif 2004-05

Name and address of the farmer: Sri Pitamber Jena,

At- Mangalpur, P.O.- Chengua- Mangalpur, Via- Bhimda, Dist; Mayurbhanj (Orissa)

Soil type : Sandy loam

Crop type : Paddy (HYV) Kasturi

Source of seed : Purchased from other farmer (PI)

(7.5 kg @ 5/- per kg= Rs. 37.50p)

Known yield potential of the variety (Kasturi) ± 20 quintals per acre (chemical)

Plot size : 30 decimals (100 decimals = 1 Acre)

Ingredients applied:

1. Sesbania (Dhanicha) seed @ 12 kg/acre = 3kg 600gm @ Rs. 11/- 1 kg = Rs. 39.60p)

2. Pongam oil cake @ 150kg/acre = 45 kg @ Rs. 4/-kg = Rs. 180.00

3. Cow urine soaked cowshed soil @ 4 quintals / acre= 1.2 quintals (Internal input)

4. Fresh cow urine @ 7-8 liters twice in a week for 6 weeks (internal input)

5. Home made heap compost – 2 cartloads (I I)

MATERIAL METHOD

Sesbania seeds were sown in the soil after the first ploughing and allowed to grow up to preflowering stage where after the field was ploughed and the plants were incorporated into the soil together with pongam oil cake, cow urine soaked cowshed soil and home made compost. The farm land top soil was thus converted into a paste of soil, sesbania plants, pongam oil cake, urine soaked cow shed soil, home made compost and stagnated water (just enough to create a muddy condition). It was allowed to stand overnight. The field was then transplanted with the paddy seedlings two days after. Thereafter, the field was periodically weeded and fresh cow urine applied at regular intervals to add more potash* to the soil.

[*The authors found out that fresh cow urine is a rich source of available potash to the plants and help in better fruiting.]

OBSERVATION:

1. Soil samples were collected at different stages for study of soil fertility conditions and the NPK values were ascertained.

Study of sample N(Kg/ha) P(Kg/ha) K(K/ha)

Initial 283.7 42.6 168.3

45 DAT 458.2 45.8 273.6

75 DAT 462.1 39.9 260.1

After harvest 393.6 35.2 254.7

2. Yeild of grains at harvest: 8.5 quintals (@ 28.33 quintals/acre –or- 70 quintals/hectare)

3. Yeild of straw at harvest : 9.9 quintals (@ 32.9 quintals / acre)

Cost Benefit Index :

1. Total expenditure incurred: Rs. 1317.10

A. Ingredients: (purchased input)

i. Cost of paddy seeds : Rs 37.50

ii. Cost of sesbania seeds : Rs. 39.60

iii. Cost of pongam oil cake : Rs. 180.00

B. Labour:

i. Seed bed preparation 1 HL : Rs. 50.00

ii. Ist cultivation 1 BL : Rs. 80.00

iii. Puddling I BL : Rs 80.00

iv. Transplantation 10 HL : Rs. 500.00

v. Interculture 1HL : Rs. 50.00

vi. Crop cutting 4 HL : Rs. 200.00

vii. Threshing 2HL : Rs. 100.00

2. Total sale proceeds of yield:

i.Value of grain,

8.5 quintals@ 600/- per quintal = : Rs. 5100.00

ii Value of straw,

9.9 quintals@ 80/-per quintals = : Rs. 792.00

———————

TOTAL Rs. 5892.00

3. Cost benefit ratio (2/1) = 4.47

Abbreviations used :

HL = Human labour, BL =Bullock Labour, MOP = Muriate of potash, N= Nitrogen (total), P= Phosphorus (available), K= Potash(available),II= Internal input, PI=– Purchased input, B.F.= Bacterial Feriliser, V.C.= VermiCompost.

x1 – Principal Investigator, UGC MRP Organic Farming, F.M. (Auto) College, Balasore (Orissa)756001

x2- Project Associate, UGC MRP Organic Farming, F.M.(Auto) College, Balasore(Orissa) 756001

x3- Research Associates, PPBSA- Navdanya, Ranipatna, Balasore(Orissa) 756001.

x4- Co-investigator, UGC MRP Organic Farming, F.M.(Auto) College, Balasore(Orissa) 756001

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are indebted to the University Grants Commission, Bahadur shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-2, and the Navdanya Trust, A/60 hauz Khas, New Delhi-16 for the financial assistances received from them to undertake the ex- situ field studies and laboratory assessments.

References:

Avery, D.1995 saving the planet with pesticides and plastic. Indian polis, the Hudson Institute

Blobaum, Roger. 1983 Barriers to conversion to organic farming practices in the mid western United States.Environmentally sound agriculture, William Lockeretz (ed.), Praeger, New York, N.Y.

Borlaug,N. 1994 agricultural research for sustainable development. Testimony before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on agriculture, 1994

Cacek, Terry. 1984. Organic Farming “the other conservation farming system. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation ; 39:357-360

Dahama, A.K. 1998 Agro’Annual Review of Crop Ecology, Vol. 1

Dindal 1990 Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley and Sons. New York, N.Y.

Eberle,P and D. Holland 1979 comparing organic and conventional grain farms in Washington

Fliessbach,A.,Eyhorn, F., Mader,P., Rentsch, D.and Hany,R. 2001 DOK long term farming system trial; microbial biomass, activity and diversity …… Sustainable management of organic matter, London, CABI

Gliessman, S.R. 1988 Agro Ecology; Ecological Process in Sustainable Agriculture, Ann Arbor Press, Michigan(US)

Gupta, P.K. 2004 a hand book of soil, fertilizer and manure (2nd edition)

Harwood,R.R. 1984 Organic Farming Research……. and its role in sustainable agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin.

Howard, Sir Albert,1940 An Agricultural Testament, Other India Press, Mapusa, Goa, India/RFSTE,NewDelhi.

India 1995. A Reference Annual , publication division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.

Joshi, V.A., Et. Al. 1995 Nitrate in rural area in Nagpur, IZZEP, 15(6)

Kansal, B.D., Et. Al. 1981 Effect of different levers of nitrogen and farm yard manure on yield and quality of spinach

Qual.Plant. plant foods human nutrition 31

Lal. R., Stewart , B. A. 1992 need for land restoration. Adv. soil science

Lampkin, N.H. and Padel, S. 1994 organic farming and agricultural policy in western Europe; an overview.

CAB International, Wallingford

McNaughton, S.L. and L.L. Wolf 1973 General Ecology , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York

Nannipieri,P.S. and B. Cencanti. 1990 Ecological significance of the biological activity in soil, Soil Biochemistry, Vol.6Marceldekker, New. York

Odum,E.P. 1971 Fundamentals of Ecology, Saunders, Philadelphia

Parr.J.F. Et.Al. 1986 Recycling of organic wastes for a sustainable agriculture Bio.Ag.Hort 3: 115-130

Roberts. K. J. t.Al 1979 The economic of organic crop production, Ag.Eco.P. No.1979-6, University of Missouri, Colombia

Sharma A.K. 2004 A Hand Book of Organic Farming, AGROBIOS(INDIA)

Sultan A. Ismail 1997 Vermicology; the Biology of Earthworms, Orient Longman

Verma, L.N. 1993 Biofertilisers in agriculture, Peekay Tree Crops Development Foundation, Cochin.

Dr.Ashok Kumar Panigrahi

Getting a horse agistment contract drawn up and signed before you commence using a particular facility has become normal practice in the last few years. You may ask yourself do you really need to go to the expense of getting one. The answer, most definitely, is yes. It is recommended that you get a legal adviser to draw up the contract, especially if you have any particular requirements, but there are standard contracts available and further information can be obtained from a number of websites on the Internet.

For many years landowners and horse owners would only have a verbal agreement between them. This gave rise to many problems for example, if the horse fell ill or the horse owner defaulted on payment of agreed fees. With a horse agistment contract in place these problems do not arise as the contract can deal with all these eventualities and both parties know what is expected of them. To enable the horse agistment contract to be drawn up to adequately cover all likely problems the correct information must be given to your legal adviser.

A basic horse agistment contract would normally include clauses covering horse owner’s responsibilities for example, welfare of the horse, payment of veterinary fees, insurance against the horse damaging the landowners property etc. Clauses covering landowners responsibilities would generally be, advising the owner of any injury to the horse, advising the owner of the horse if the land or facility has become infected by disease, water quality and availability etc. Obviously, if you have any particular requirements pertaining to your own arrangement you should include these.

Horse agistment contracts normally also include a clause covering late or non-payment of fees. Should this problem occur the landowner would have the right to a lien over the horse in question enabling the landowner to recover any fees or costs outstanding. If a horse agistment contract has not been signed it is possible that a landowner can claim a lien under the Impounding of Livestock Act 1994. However any clause dealing with late or non-payment of fees, in a horse agistment contract would take precedence.

Although the horse agistment contract is between two people, additional information for example, the full name of the horse and any distinctive markings or scars of old injuries should also be included to clarify which specific horse the horse agistment contract is for.

The horse agistment contract should stipulate that the management of the horse should be of an accepted standard and may cover such items as accommodation, quality of pastureland and food, veterinary and farrier attention, vaccination against disease and pest treatment etc.

If the landowner has taken on the management of the horse, under the horse agistment contract, the horse owner should check the horse’s welfare on a regular basis. Both landowners and horse owners can be held to account for animal neglect or cruelty.

Get a horse agistment contract, it can save you money in the long term

Lina Smith
http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/do-you-need-a-horse-agistment-contract-726820.html